高斯流程提供了一个优雅的框架，用于在功能上指定先验和后验分布。但是，它们在计算上也很昂贵，并且受其协方差函数的表达性限制。我们提出了基于扩散模型的新方法神经扩散过程（NDP），该方法学会了从功能上分布中采样。使用新颖的注意力块，我们可以将随机过程（例如交换性）的属性直接融合到NDP的体系结构中。我们从经验上表明，NDP能够捕获与高斯过程的真正贝叶斯后部接近的功能分布。这可以实现各种下游任务，包括高参数边缘化和贝叶斯优化。

神经网络和高斯过程的优势和劣势是互补的。更好地了解他们的关系伴随着使每个方法从另一个方法中受益的承诺。在这项工作中，我们建立了神经网络的前进通行证与（深）稀疏高斯工艺模型之间的等价。我们开发的理论是基于解释激活函数作为跨域诱导功能，通过对激活函数和内核之间的相互作用进行严格分析。这导致模型可以被视为具有改善的不确定性预测或深度高斯过程的神经网络，其具有提高的预测精度。这些权利要求通过对回归和分类数据集进行实验结果来支持。

来自高斯过程（GP）模型的汤普森采样（TS）是一个强大的工具，用于优化黑盒功能。虽然TS享有强烈的理论担保和令人信服的实证性能，但它会引发大量的计算开销，可通过优化预算进行多项式。最近，已经提出了基于稀疏GP模型的可扩展TS方法来增加TS的范围，使其应用​​于足够多模态，嘈杂或组合需要的问题，以便要求解决超过几百个评估。但是，稀疏GPS引入的近似误差使所有现有的后悔界限无效。在这项工作中，我们对可扩展Ts进行了理论和实证分析。我们提供理论担保，并表明可以在标准TS上遗憾地享受可扩展TS的计算复杂性的急剧下降。这些概念索赔是针对合成基准测试的可扩展TS的实际实施，作为现实世界的高通量分子设计任务的一部分。

Charisma is considered as one's ability to attract and potentially also influence others. Clearly, there can be considerable interest from an artificial intelligence's (AI) perspective to provide it with such skill. Beyond, a plethora of use cases opens up for computational measurement of human charisma, such as for tutoring humans in the acquisition of charisma, mediating human-to-human conversation, or identifying charismatic individuals in big social data. A number of models exist that base charisma on various dimensions, often following the idea that charisma is given if someone could and would help others. Examples include influence (could help) and affability (would help) in scientific studies or power (could help), presence, and warmth (both would help) as a popular concept. Modelling high levels in these dimensions for humanoid robots or virtual agents, seems accomplishable. Beyond, also automatic measurement appears quite feasible with the recent advances in the related fields of Affective Computing and Social Signal Processing. Here, we, thereforem present a blueprint for building machines that can appear charismatic, but also analyse the charisma of others. To this end, we first provide the psychological perspective including different models of charisma and behavioural cues of it. We then switch to conversational charisma in spoken language as an exemplary modality that is essential for human-human and human-computer conversations. The computational perspective then deals with the recognition and generation of charismatic behaviour by AI. This includes an overview of the state of play in the field and the aforementioned blueprint. We then name exemplary use cases of computational charismatic skills before switching to ethical aspects and concluding this overview and perspective on building charisma-enabled AI.

There are two important things in science: (A) Finding answers to given questions, and (B) Coming up with good questions. Our artificial scientists not only learn to answer given questions, but also continually invent new questions, by proposing hypotheses to be verified or falsified through potentially complex and time-consuming experiments, including thought experiments akin to those of mathematicians. While an artificial scientist expands its knowledge, it remains biased towards the simplest, least costly experiments that still have surprising outcomes, until they become boring. We present an empirical analysis of the automatic generation of interesting experiments. In the first setting, we investigate self-invented experiments in a reinforcement-providing environment and show that they lead to effective exploration. In the second setting, pure thought experiments are implemented as the weights of recurrent neural networks generated by a neural experiment generator. Initially interesting thought experiments may become boring over time.

Recent advances in deep learning have enabled us to address the curse of dimensionality (COD) by solving problems in higher dimensions. A subset of such approaches of addressing the COD has led us to solving high-dimensional PDEs. This has resulted in opening doors to solving a variety of real-world problems ranging from mathematical finance to stochastic control for industrial applications. Although feasible, these deep learning methods are still constrained by training time and memory. Tackling these shortcomings, Tensor Neural Networks (TNN) demonstrate that they can provide significant parameter savings while attaining the same accuracy as compared to the classical Dense Neural Network (DNN). In addition, we also show how TNN can be trained faster than DNN for the same accuracy. Besides TNN, we also introduce Tensor Network Initializer (TNN Init), a weight initialization scheme that leads to faster convergence with smaller variance for an equivalent parameter count as compared to a DNN. We benchmark TNN and TNN Init by applying them to solve the parabolic PDE associated with the Heston model, which is widely used in financial pricing theory.

A statistical ensemble of neural networks can be described in terms of a quantum field theory (NN-QFT correspondence). The infinite-width limit is mapped to a free field theory, while finite N corrections are mapped to interactions. After reviewing the correspondence, we will describe how to implement renormalization in this context and discuss preliminary numerical results for translation-invariant kernels. A major outcome is that changing the standard deviation of the neural network weight distribution corresponds to a renormalization flow in the space of networks.

We present an automatic method for annotating images of indoor scenes with the CAD models of the objects by relying on RGB-D scans. Through a visual evaluation by 3D experts, we show that our method retrieves annotations that are at least as accurate as manual annotations, and can thus be used as ground truth without the burden of manually annotating 3D data. We do this using an analysis-by-synthesis approach, which compares renderings of the CAD models with the captured scene. We introduce a 'cloning procedure' that identifies objects that have the same geometry, to annotate these objects with the same CAD models. This allows us to obtain complete annotations for the ScanNet dataset and the recent ARKitScenes dataset.

This article presents a novel review of Active SLAM (A-SLAM) research conducted in the last decade. We discuss the formulation, application, and methodology applied in A-SLAM for trajectory generation and control action selection using information theory based approaches. Our extensive qualitative and quantitative analysis highlights the approaches, scenarios, configurations, types of robots, sensor types, dataset usage, and path planning approaches of A-SLAM research. We conclude by presenting the limitations and proposing future research possibilities. We believe that this survey will be helpful to researchers in understanding the various methods and techniques applied to A-SLAM formulation.

This paper presents a methodology for integrating machine learning techniques into metaheuristics for solving combinatorial optimization problems. Namely, we propose a general machine learning framework for neighbor generation in metaheuristic search. We first define an efficient neighborhood structure constructed by applying a transformation to a selected subset of variables from the current solution. Then, the key of the proposed methodology is to generate promising neighbors by selecting a proper subset of variables that contains a descent of the objective in the solution space. To learn a good variable selection strategy, we formulate the problem as a classification task that exploits structural information from the characteristics of the problem and from high-quality solutions. We validate our methodology on two metaheuristic applications: a Tabu Search scheme for solving a Wireless Network Optimization problem and a Large Neighborhood Search heuristic for solving Mixed-Integer Programs. The experimental results show that our approach is able to achieve a satisfactory trade-off between the exploration of a larger solution space and the exploitation of high-quality solution regions on both applications.